Massive stars are rare but they give energy, mass and momentum to the interstellar medium and thus are crucial to the evolution of galaxies. They also produce many of elements that make life on Earth possible, such as the oxygen in our atmosphere and the iron in our blood. In some ways, massive stars resemble simple, “one-dimensional” stars. However, recent observational discoveries have led us to rethink our basic understanding of these objects. More massive stars are in close, potentially interacting or interacted, binary-star systems than was previously thought. Some are spinning fast and some are chemically mixed. Theory predicts that spin and mixing go together: but often the opposite is seen. Mass transfer in binaries probably explains spin distribution of massive stars and our modelling efforts are starting to bear fruit in this field. I will review the properties of massive binary stars before expanding on some recent highlights in regard to stellar spins, the stellar mass function, stellar chemistry, and of course their link to merging neutron stars and black holes.

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